![]() Relies on time synchronization less prone to prediction if the time source is secure Relies on the security of the counter value if compromised, OTPs can be predicted OTPs are generated based on the current time OTPs are generated based on a counter value HMAC (Hash-based Message Authentication Code) Passwords cannot be reused as the counter value is incremented each time. The following sections will walk you through some of those differences. But there is a lot that segregates TOTP and HOTP in terms of the process, security, usability, and application. TOTP is an improvement on HOTP and they have certain common elements. The same process is repeated by the server to verify the authenticity of the TOTP sent by the user. A truncated version of the resultant hash works as the OTP. Now, the secret key shared by the client/user and the server along with the time value is put through an HMAC algorithm from the user’s end. That means the time value changes with each passing time step. The current time is then divided by the time step to find out the current time value. The current time is usually represented by the number of seconds elapsed since January 1, 1970. The user and the server use the same clock to determine the current time. It is usually set at 30 seconds and can be modified in some cases. How does a TOTP work?Įach TOTP stays valid for a certain period. Instead of a counter that shifts with every attempt, it uses a counter that shifts with time. This method is an improvement on the HMAC-based OTP. Time works as a changing factor in this system to ensure old passwords cannot be reused. TOTP stands for Time-based One-Time Password. The success of HOTP depends on server-client synchronization. ![]() This ensures that an older code cannot be reused. With every attempt the counter changes and so does the hash. The server uses the same secret, counter, and hash function to verify that the right code is sent by the user. This truncated hash is shared by the user with the server. The OTP is a truncated version of this hash. The secret and the counter are combined and put through a hash function to generate a hash at the user’s end. The counter starts at an initial value and is incremented with each attempt to generate a code. The secret key has a constant value shared by the user and the server. HMAC-based OTP is generated using a secret key and a counter. So, HOTP is a one-time password based on the HMAC algorithm. the message has come from the authorized source. the message is not tampered with during transmission and B. HMAC works like a digital fingerprint that ensures that A. HMAC stands for Hash-based message authentication code. HOTP stands for HMAC-based One-Time Password. HOTP and TOTP are both examples of such authentication methods. There are many forms of 2FA authentication. 2FA makes it much harder for hackers to gain unauthorized access to online accounts. If a hacker steals the username and password for a 2FA-enabled account, they won’t be able to log in without the second factor. The login process is completed only when both factors are verified. When a user tries to log into a 2FA-enabled online account by entering the login credentials (username and password) the server sends a code or prompt to verify the second authenticating factor. Something you have: A code sent via SMS or an authenticator application/ hardware key that you plug into the computer/ a fingerprint scan or facial ID.Something you know: Typically a password.It can be thought of as a two-step verification process that involves Two-factor authentication (2FA) is a security measure that adds an extra layer of protection to password-protected online accounts. A brief overview of 2FA or 2-factor authentication Before getting into that it’s important to establish the basic principles of two-factor authentication. This post will make a detailed comparison between the two authentication methods. However, they differ in the way they utilize a “ moving factor” to generate these codes. TOTP (Time-based One-time Password) and HOTP (Counter-based One-time Password) are both forms of one-time authentication methods that generate unique codes used for secure logins.
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